Water - Wine - Milk - Beer Chemistry Demonstration

Chemistry demonstrations in which solutions appear to magically change color leave a lasting impression on students and help instill an interest in science. Heres a color change demo in which a solution seems to change from water to wine to milk to beer simply be being poured into the appropriate beverage glass. Difficulty: Average Time Required: Prepare the solutions in advance; demo time is up to you Heres How: First, prepare the glassware, since this demonstration relies on the presence of chemicals added to the glasses before the water is added.For the water glass: Fill the glass about 3/4 full of distilled water. Add 20-25 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate with 20% sodium carbonate solution. The solution should have a pH 9.Place a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator in the bottom of the wine glass.Pour ~10 ml saturated barium chloride solution into the bottom of the milk glass.Place a very small number of crystals of sodium dichromate into the beer mug. Up to this point, the set-up can be performed in advance of the demonstration. Just prior to performing the demo, add 5 ml concentrated HCl to the beer mug.To perform the demonstration, simply pour the solution from the water glass into the wine glass. Pour the resulting solution into the milk glass. This solution is finally poured into the beer mug. Tips: Use goggles, gloves, and proper safety precautions when making the solutions and handling the chemicals. In particular, use caution with the conc. HCl, which can cause a serious acid burn.Avoid accidents! If you are using real drinking glasses, please reserve this glassware solely for this demonstration and take care that the prepared glassware is kept away from children/pets/etc. As always, label your glassware, too. What You Need: distilled water saturated sodium bicarbonate; 20% sodium carbonate ph9phenolphthalein indicatorsaturated barium chloride solution (aqueous)crystals of sodium dichromateconcentrated hydrochloric acidwater glasswine glassmilk glassbeer mug

Philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 533 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/05 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Andrew Carnegie Essay Did you like this example? Do your duty and a little more and the future will take care of itself, once said Andrew Carnegie. While these were wise words to live by, working for Mr. Carnegie did not seem as bright. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie" essay for you Create order Surprisingly he provided low wages and poor working conditions which were depressing and caused bad work morale. Workers felt like Carnegie did not care about them and their well being. Amazed by many, after moving to the US from Scotland, Carnegie became an influential industrialist and gained large amounts of money. He led an enormous expansion of the steel industry and made wise choices which caused his business to excel. He supported workers rights and demolished unions. Carnegie believed the wealthy had an obligation to give back to society. At the end of his life, he donated $350 million back to society. He was a philanthropist who went from Rags to Riches. Carnegie pushed his steel workers hard and took all of the benefit. His steel company made millions and he kept most for himself at the time. (Later in life he found perspective and gave back to society.) Carnegies workers were very poor, and had weak working conditions. The workers were given one day off a year; the Fourth of July, but the rest of the year was filled with blood and sweat as the workers spend hours of doing difficult labor. Carnegie would not make money in honest ways. It took the wages of nearly 4,000 steelworkers to match the earnings of Andrew Carnegie. He cheated his workers and would squeeze the last drop of effort out of his workers. Carnegies goal was to break the Union so they could reduce wages, thus the outcome of the Homestead Act of 1892. He dropped wages, increased hours, and all steel plants defeated the union. Carnegies employees worked over 84 hours per week and received less than $10. Carnegie ma de decisions only if the outcome would benefit him. Carnegie was a pioneer in the steel industry and changed the way of production. The Bessemer process inspired Carnegie and his ideals about producing steel as a way to make it faster and cheaper. As a result, railroads began to lay steel rails, and Carnegie made a fortune. Later in life, Carnegie promoted the Gospel Of Wealth, which described the importance of philanthropy by the new upper class of self made rich. He believed that men who continued to keep saving their money was not the proper use, because the community could not advance from it. It spoke to issues of contribution, legacy, and community as important values. Because Carnegie was extremely wealthy, it helped create the U.S as a world power in steel. Andrew Carnegie worked his way up from being an immigrant to one of the wealthiest men of his time. Although Carnegie treated his workers crudely, he gave back to music halls, educational grants, established trust funds, crushed labor unions, and build over 3,000 public libraries. (Over 90% of his wealth was donated.) In todays society the amount Carn egie gave back is worth $4.8 billion. Carnegie was known for business, entrepreneurship, leadership, and philanthropic endeavors. Carnegie canceled/ blew away competition while making his steel cheaper. Carnegie was the most important philanthropist in history.

Exploring and Unraveling Autism Essay - 2244 Words

Autism Spectrum Disorder, known as ASD, is a range of complex neurodevelopment disorders, characterized by social impairments, communication difficulties, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior. Autistic Disorder, referred to as autism or classical ASD, is the most common and severe form of ASD. Other less severe conditions along the spectrum include Aspergers Syndrome and Pervasive Development Disorder. Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize. It is not completely understood as to why this occurs. Autism has a strong genetic basis and in rare cases, it is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. According to the†¦show more content†¦In 1943, an Austrian-American psychiatrist, Dr. Leo Kanner was one of the first to specialize in child psychology and was credited with recognizing autism as its own unique mental disorder. Kanner discussed his researc h based on a group of eleven children who all displayed similar conditions such as social interaction difficulties, difficulty processing and adapting to changes, particularly good memory, and exceeding sensitivity to sounds and other stimulants. Kanner used the term â€Å"autism† to describe the main characteristics that all of the children he studied displayed – little to no interest in socializing with others. Lastly, Dr. Hans Asperger, a scientist and pediatrician in the late 1900s, also contributed research and multiple studies on children with autism. Dr. Asperger is best known in the history of autism for defining Aspergers Syndrome. Aspergers Syndrome is a less severe condition disorder along the spectrum. Aspergers Syndrome is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction, alongside restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of cognitive deve lopment. For many years, autism was rare, occurring in just five children per 100,000 live births. However, according to the Autism Research Institute, since the the early 1900s, the rate ofShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesI. Sutton, Good Boss, Bad Boss: How to Be the Best ... and Learn from the Worst (New York: Business Plus, 2010); A. Rodrà ­guezMuà ±oz, B. Moreno-Jimà ©nez, A. Vergel, and E. G. Hernà ¡ndez, â€Å"Post-Traumatic Symptoms Among Victims of Workplace Bullying: Exploring Gender Differences and Shattered Assumptions, Journal of Applied Social † Psychology 40, no. 10 (2010), pp. 2616–2635. shown many managers hold â€Å"common sense† opinions regarding effective management that have been flatly refuted by empirical evidence

The Psychoanalytic Criticism Scope Of Hamlet - 900 Words

Hamlet is one the best known works of Willian Shakespeare, a play that emphasizes revenge, as one of the major topics . The main character hamlet is driven by all of this revenge matter , and ends up physically killing 2 people, Claudius and Polonius, as well as indirectly causing the deaths of 5 other characters throughout the play. It is a Play that leaves us with uncertainty and doubts , we can go either way, we could see hamlet as a protagonist who seeks justice for his father’s murder or an antagonist, because let s be realistic it is a bit extreme all the deaths he cause just to avenge one person. I chose to look at hamlet through the psychoanalytic criticism scope. I will attempt to demonstrate how his id, ego, and super ego influenced In his behavior and decision on murdering his uncle, and the problems he confronted while attempting to accomplish his fathers will to do so. Hopefully, we can make a decision after being presented hamlet through this new perspective . First we can analyze hamlet being devastated by his fathers death. It is only fair to understand the pain he must have felt, and on top of that he is supposed to be the heir to the throne of Denmark. Instead, his uncle takes it from him by marrying his mother, Gertrude, so quick. By looking through the psychoanalytic lens, we first look at his id or unconscious, which are our most desired dreams or hopes that are deep within our mind, also known as the â€Å"pleasure principle: is theShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesThe challenges of critical theory and psychoanalysis for understanding the individual, the group and the organization A critique of critical theory Critical theory and psychoanalysis develops challenging perspectives on organization culture A psychoanalytic view of organization culture The ‘unhealthy’ organization culture: when there is conflict The unhealthy organization culture: when there is insufficient conf lict Understanding the purpose of the organization and embedding it in the culture CriticalRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesoverwhelms, the character. With characters who fully qualify as dynamic, such change can be expected to alter subsequent behaviour in some significant way. Dynamic characters include the protagonists in most novels, which by virtue of their very size and scope provide excellent vehicles for illustrating the process of change. So-called initiation novels, such as David Copperfield, Huckleberry Finn and the Great Gatsby, are examples. In each case the author has arranged the events of the plot so that they

Macroeconomic Analysis Russia Free Essays

string(89) " 1660 dated in February 17, 2006 \(The Central Bank of the Russian Federation 2005: 1\)\." Since the financial crisis in 1998, Russia has been experiencing impressive economic growth due to the collaboration of monetary and fiscal policies that stabilized the performance of major economic indicators up to this day. Many economists regard the impressive performance of Russia as part increase of the volume of investment in the said country. On the other hand, some says that the notable growth of Russia should be attributed to the increase of oil prices in the international market (Traveldocs. We will write a custom essay sample on Macroeconomic Analysis: Russia or any similar topic only for you Order Now com 2008: 1). Despite of the various claims on what really was the foundation of Russia’s economic stability for the past nine years, it would be better to examine first what are the performances of some major economic indicators like GDP Growth, Balance of Trade, Inflation Rate, Unemployment Rate and Interest Rate of the said country for the past four years. GDP Growth Rate In 2004, Russia experienced 7.76 percent growth on their GDP from 1.4 billion USD of 2003 to approximately 1.5 billion USD of 2004 (Alcarastore.com 2008: 1). This increase in the GDP growth rate was triggered by the improvement of consumer demand from 2003 to 2004. On the other hand, by the end of 2005, Russia experienced sluggish improvement on the growth of GDP from 7.76 to 6.93 percent primarily due to the instability happened on the investment component of the economy caused by unclear limit and conditions non foreign investment, obsolete infrastructure as well as delayed economic reforms of the government. But in general sense, the GDP of Russia still increased by around 150 million USD. By 2006, Russia once again performed robust increase on their GDP growth rate from 6.93 to 7.8 percent as the economy starts to recover from the adverse effects of unstable investment climate caused by delayed fiscal policies. Last 2007, the Russian GDP already reached its 2 billion USD level which caused their GDP growth rate to achieved 8.3 percent growth level as the investors and consumption continues to improve in the domestic market of Russia. Trade Balance Another major economic indicator of Russia’s economic performance would be the Trade Balance. For the past four years, the trade balance of Russia has been performing remarkable as this economic indicator continues to increase from 2004 to 2007 due to the strong consumer demand and fixed capital formation growth of the Russian economy. In 2004, the trade balance of Russia reached around 85.8 billion USD as the consequence of the increase of their non-oil exports by the end of 2003. The improvement of non-oil exports of Russia continued to positively influence the trade balance of the said country for the succeeding years like in 2005, the trade balance increased by 23 billion USD while it increased by 22 billion in 2006 (The Federal State Statistics Office Service 2007: 1). Though there was a slight growth in the trade balance of Russia during 2007 due to the significant excess of growth rates of import above the growth rates of exports. Nonetheless, the Russian economists is still optimistic regarding the performance of the trade balance of the Russian economy this year as their monetary and fiscal policies starts to combat the said issue on trade balance. Inflation Rate Prices of goods in Russia has been experiencing sluggish growth rate since 2003 as the result of the fiscal policies of the Russian government despite of the fact that they also have to lower down their unemployment rate. Theoretically, if unemployment rate decreases, inflation is being expected to increase based from the Philips Curve, but with the fiscal policies of the Russian government such as the bilateral market access agreement with the United States as a prelude to their possible entry to WTO, prices of domestic goods starts to decrease thereby creating a force for the inflation rate to decline since 2003 (Indexmundi.com 2007a: 1). In 2004, the inflation rate was equivalent to 13.7 percent while it reached 11.5 percent in 2005 (Indexmundi.com 2007c: 1). Though it increased again to 12.7 percent in 2006, inflation rate still managed to continue its good performance in 2007 by reaching 9.8 percent as the policies on regional monopolies and trade regulation of the Russian government starts to work on their economic system to stabilize the domestic prices of goods and services (Russiatoday.ru 2007: 1). Unemployment Rate As the number of job opportunities in Russia continues to increase for the past years plus the effort of the Russian government to attract more foreign investors to their economy, unemployment rate starts to decline since 2004 with 8.5 percent unemployment rate. By the start of 2005, the Russian government already felt the positive impact of their rigorous action to provide more job opportunities to the Russian labor pool which resulted to the further deterioration of unemployment rate from 8.5 percent of 2004 to 8.3 percent of 2005 and then from 7.6 percent in 2006 to 6.6 percent of 2007 (Indexmundi.com 2007b: 1). This only means that the Russian government has been successful for the past four years in combating the unemployment rate of their country which could further contribute to their impressive economic growth in the next coming years. Interest Rates One of the most concerns of foreign investors, interest rate on borrowing in Russia exhibits good investment condition as it continues to decreases annually due to the stable financial sector of Russia for the past years after the financial crisis in 1998. The loan rate or the interest rate on borrowing on Russia in 2004 was equal to 11.4 percent and decreased to 10.7 percent by 2005 as the Russian government started to implement economic reforms on their financial institutions in order to make their economy more attractive to foreign investors. As a result, with the stable financial sector and fiscal policies to attract more foreign investors, interest rate on borrowing continues to decline from 10.4 percent in 2006 to 10 percent in 2007 with accordance to Ordinance No. 1660 dated in February 17, 2006 (The Central Bank of the Russian Federation 2005: 1). You read "Macroeconomic Analysis: Russia" in category "Essay examples" Economic Strengths and Weaknesses Based from the given performance of Russia’s major economic indicators, it is clear that the business environment in Russia is very much attractive and provides a better outlook in the next couple of years. Like for instance, the impressive growth of their GDP, it only signifies how active is the domestic consumption and investment level in the Russian economy and gives the investors a bird’s eye view of the possible return to investment that the Russian economy could give to them. Moreover, despite of the fact that there were some periods wherein the Russian economy performs badly, but the point is, with the proper action of the Russian government, almost all of the economic problems was resolved and put the market back into its equilibrium condition. Another example of the strengths of the Russian economy would be the cheap borrowing in Russia as their interest rate on borrowing continues to declines for the past years in order to attract more foreign investors to their economy. This would provide further improvements on the investment sector of the Russian economy plus the possibility of increase in the number of job opportunities for the Russian labor pool. As a result, economic activity in Russia is expected to boost alongside with the improvement in the investment and labor sector of the economy. Most of the time, investors prefer countries that can offer cheaper loans in order to finance their business expansion especially those multinational companies that aggressively finds more countries which could give them competitive advantage either in a form of cheaper labor, loans, technologies, favorable government subsidies and other factors of production to name a few. Furthermore, the effort of the Russian government to become less dependent on their oil exports in order to attain impressive economic growth by increasing the volume of their non-oil exports goods and services. This would provide an avenue towards the attainment of sustainable growth on their trade balance. The fact that the Russian oil exports already provides large chunk on the total GDP of the country plus the improvement on the volume of their non-oil exports reflects the increasing trend of their trade balance for the past years. Maybe this is one of the results of attracting more foreign investors in Russia which establishes manufacturing plants in Russia and then export the finished products to the international markets. The last but not the least strength of the Russian economy would be the increase in the number of job opportunities for their labor sector. This provides enough room for the Russian consumers to have more disposable income which reflects to the increasing domestic consumption of their consumers in the recent years. As a result of the increase in disposable income of the consumers, domestic investment becomes more profitable thereby attracting domestic investors to establish or expand their business. At the end of the day, both the foreign and domestic investors in Russia works hand in hand in order to utilize the Russian labor sector; while on the other hand, it also provides an avenue towards the improvement per capita income of the Russians. One of the major weaknesses of the Russian economy would be the dependence on the foreign direct investments which could cause major damages on their economic stability once the financial sector in Russia becomes unsuitable to foreign investment. What the Russian government should do is to intensify their domestic investments in order to provide enough room for their domestic investors to utilize the improvement made the foreign investors on the economic environment in Russia through rapid expansion and regulation of regional monopolies in order for other domestic investors to enter various industries. Evaluation of the Government Policy The Ordinance No. 1660 which provides the further decrease of the interest rate on borrowing since 2006 serves to be one of the effective policies of the Russian government in order to make the Russian economy more attractive to foreign investors. Furthermore, this policy only provides an impression to the foreign market how stable the Russian financial sector is since they manage to offer lower interest rates on borrowing to foreign investors. The Russian government is very much confident that they can sustain such policy since they possesses large amount of foreign reserves that can easily be liquidated in case of money shortages in the economy (Ignatiev 2007: 1-2). The bilateral market access agreement with the United States as a prelude to their possible entry to WTO of Russia is also a good policy in further improving the stability of the Russian economy since this provides an avenue towards the attainment of lower inflation rate in the domestic market as cheaper goods from other country starts to enter Russia. At the end of the day, the domestic prices of goods and services in Russian domestic market, especially those from the regional monopolies, would be forced to lower down their prices in order to compete to imported products coming from other countries thereby creating enough room for the inflation rate of Russia to depreciate for the past year. Works Cited Alcarastore.com (2008). Russia GDP PPP and GDP Growth Rates 2003-2007 [online]. Available: http://www.alacrastore.com/country-snapshot/Russia. [Accessed 2 April 2008]. Ignatiev, Sergey (2007). The Macroeconomic Situation and Monetary Policy in Russia [online]. Available: http://www.bis.org/review/r070608d.pdf [Accessed 2 April 2008]. Indexmundi.com (2007a). Russian Economy Profile 2007 [online]. Available: http://www.indexmundi.com/russia/economy_profile.html [Accessed 2 April 2008]. Indexmundi.com (2007b). Russia Unemployment Rate [online]. Available: http://www.indexmundi.com/russia/unemployment_rate.html [Accessed 2 April 2008]. Indexmundi.com (2007c). Russia Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices) [online]. Available: http://www.indexmundi.com/russia/inflation_rate_(consumer_prices).html [Accessed 2 April 2008]. Russiatoday.ru (2007). Russia to miss 2007 inflation target: Economic Minister [online]. Available: http://www.russiatoday.ru/business/news/15319 [Accessed 2 April 2008]. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (2005). Interest Rates in 2004 [online]. Available: http://www.cbr.ru/eng/statistics/credit_statistics/print.asp?file=interest_rates_04_e.htm [Accessed 2 April 2008]. The Federal State Statistics Office Service (2007). Foreign Trade of the Russian Federation [online]. Available: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2007/b07_12/25-02.htm [Accessed 2 April 2008]. Traveldocs.com (2008). Russian Federation: Economy [online]. Available: http://www.traveldocs.com/ru/economy.htm [Accessed 2 April 2008]. How to cite Macroeconomic Analysis: Russia, Essay examples

Paying college athletes free essay sample

Here we go again; a stand-out high school athletic star has a choice that will determine the rest of his life. This is what happened to Koby Clemens son of baseball star pitcher Roger Clemens. He intended to play baseball on full scholarship at the University of Texas a NCAA college baseball power house. After graduating high school he was drafted into the MLB, an eighth round pick by the team his father played for. Now for the hard part, to go to college for free, or forgo is commitment to play at Texas and go pro. The decision came pretty easy for him as described by Harvey Araton a New York Times Journalist â€Å"Koby Clemens deliberated for about as long as it takes his father to deliver a split-finger fastball, and turned professional† (Araton). Koby was already driving a hummer, so his decision might not have been about the money he would earn, but when a pro team can offer $380 thousand for your first contract that would be hard for a teenage boy to pass up. We will write a custom essay sample on Paying college athletes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This happens in all sports, athletes have to decide whether to go to college and leave early, or stay and graduate. This decision depends on their situation, but other factors do weigh in on their decision. Athletes should be able to benefit from their abilities, without the colleges taking advantage of the fact that they’re successful. This would cause players to stay in college, leading to more intelligent athletes. The NCAA or National Collegiate Athletic Association is the college association that creates the rules and regulates them. In Andrew Zimbalists’ book Unpaid Professionals he says because of no set rules, and lack of protective equipment people were dying, President Teddy Roosevelt demanded a change and in 1905 the NCAA was born (8). In 1997-98 the NCAA manual first page says â€Å"to maintain intercollegiate athletics as an integral part of the educational program and the athlete as an integral part of the student body and, by doing so, retain a clear line of demarcation between intercollegiate athletics and professional sports† (1). This is the NCAA’s goal and saying that college athletes are student’s first athletes second they’re at college to get an education, sports are secondary. Firstly the NCAA rules and regulations helps the economics by taking advantage of their athletes. Thru TV contracts, licensing, sales of tickets, apparel, and sponsorships the big time sports basketball and football make their college multi millions and the NCAA a multi- billion dollar business. The NCAA earned $7. 13 billion in just two TV contracts for 8 years in two sports, March madness for basketball and bowl games for football. All this money is tax-deductible because schools are amateur programs promoting education (Eitzen). Therefore the NCAA profits most of its income. Student athletes are considered amateur and can only receive educational benefits. The athletes can’t make money but can make money for others. According to a study by Joyce Julius Associates, a research firm found that Texas AM quarterback, Johnny Manzel, produced $37 million worth of media coverage in which he didn’t see a single penny in that besides a free education (Fair or Foul). Thru licensing and sponsorships is where the college makes a lot of its income. The school sells there logo to manufactures to make products with their logo on it and also make jerseys or t-shirts with the players name on them. Major equipment and apparel companies sponsor teams and programs. Companies give the big Division 1 programs millions, free equipment, and apparel to use. According to Zimbalist, â€Å"Colleges receive free uniforms, athletic shoes, warm-ups, and equipment for the players on all of the teams and its staff, as well as cash to serve as bonus money for the coaches and athletic director† (137). The companies therefor receive free marketing from the players so the college and coaches make money but the players who put in the work don’t. The NCAA is highly a profitable organization using strict rules and regulations to produce free labor which generates there revenue. The rules and regulations of the NCAA also cause athletes to leave early or not go to college. To play a college sport you must pass thru a process call the NCAA clearing house which involves the athlete to answer amateurism questions, turn in their ACT score and turn in their high school transcript to prove his/her eligibility. To play in the NCAA the athlete must be an amateur. The NCAA prides its self on amateurism providing all the athletes’ equality and ensuring athletes’ priority is on an education first athlete second. From ncaa. org rules page provides the general rules for amateurism, In general, amateurism requirements do not allow: Contracts with professional teams Salary for participating in athletics Prize money above actual and necessary expenses Play with professionals Tryouts, practice or competition with a professional team Benefits from an agent or prospective agent Agreement to be represented by an agent Delayed initial full-time collegiate enrollment to participate in organized sports competition (Summary of NCAA) These are the basic rules that determine a player’s decision to leave. For Detroit Lions Quarter Back Matthew Stafford had a decision to make. He was a college standout and could declare himself for the NFL draft in which he was ranked to go in the first round, or he could stay in college risking a career ending injury and never going pro but getting a degree in the process. With what NFL teams pay a first round pick signee Stafford was looking at a huge payday by turning pro. According to Marc Weiszer’s article on Online Athens he was projected to go number one in the draft with a projected payday of $35 million guaranteed (Weiszer). Stafford choose the money and got drafted first overall, with not being paid to play college football and the fact that you can get paid multi millions in the NFL helped determine Stafford’s decision. Amateurism isn’t the only rules the NCAA enforce that help players decide when they leave college. Athletes must also worry about other rules and regulations such as ethical conduct, financial aid, employment earnings, academic standards, drugs, and other various rules (Summary of NCAA). Ethical conduct includes being in good sportsmanship at all times, always being honest with the NCAA, never giving information to sport gamblers and never participating in sports betting. Financial aid can only be given to you from the university, for reason other than athletic ability, and from anyone you’re legally or naturally dependent on. If athletes have a job they must get only paid for work they have done and must be paid accurately for the work he/she is doing. One rule the NCAA really emphasizes is being student first and there are many guidelines to the academic standards rule. A basic breakdown is that you must be a full time student, and be in good academic standings according to the college you go to. The NCAA doesn’t allow any drug use and if caught there are many consequences you will receive. All these rules are for the better well being of the athletes and help them become the best athletes they can be. The only downfall is the quantity of the rules and little rules most players would never think of. Players are responsible for knowing all these rules which for some players is a hard task to do and it makes them leave early. Rules and regulations determine when athletes leave for the pros but so do the rules for the professional programs. Another reason the rules and regulations cause players to leave and not graduate is because they have nothing set up with the professional programs to keep kids in college. The differences for professional sports in the recruiting process for athletes determine how the rules and regulations in the NCAA affect their choice when to go pro. For basketball and football players, because of how their professional programs are set up, usually have to play two years of college and then most of the highly rated players leave. For hockey and baseball there are alternative routes for players to skip college. Hockey players have huge decisions in their life when turning 16. If you’re a highly talented player you have two options keep playing high school then go to the college you committed to or leave home and go play major juniors, a league based in Canada in which you get paid which would forgo your college eligibility. Many of the best hockey players choose the major junior route. They choose this because they can be paid, but mostly they can have an agent and make the process to the pros a lot easier. For baseball players many highly talented players go straight to the minors of the MLB where they can offer huge signing bonuses and make the climb up to the big show easier. Rules and regulations are a factor in the decision process but so is an athlete’s academic standing and will to go to college. The NCAA recruiting process sets up some players to fail. In Stanley Eitzens article Slaves of Big-Time college sports for USA today magazine he talked about a 1999 report by the NCAA division 1 determined how many athletes enrolled in 1992-93 had graduated after six years. For all male athletes it was only 54%, for football 50% and for basketball 41% (Eitzen). For big time athletic programs the athletes get special treatments by the admissions process to get them into the school (Eitzen). The athletes are usually less prepared for college and are in the bottom quarter of the freshman class. There whole life is based on playing sports and when they get to college it’s the same thing. They have no time to study or they don’t study because some still have to provide for their family and worry about going professional. Many athletes for football and basketball come from low income families and if it wasn’t for their athletic ability they would have never been able to go to college. Some athlete’s barley even graduated high school and when they get to college their mind is usually on the sport they play and providing for their family instead of their schooling. Former Iowa State University football coach Jim Walden has said, â€Å"Not more than 20% of the football players go to college for an education† (Qtd. By Eitzen). Most guys coming into a big time division 1 school think they do not need to get a degree because they will go pro. Players’ decisions also comes from their living situation in college. Lastly the rules and regulations the NCAA players need to abide by have some players living under the poverty line. Sheryl Nance-Nash’s â€Å"NCAA Rules Trap many College Athletes in Poverty† for dailyfinance. com she talks about a study conducted by National College Players Association and Drexel Universitys department of sport management. In this study they found that most college athletes are living under the poverty line. â€Å"The study looked at football and basketball teams from Football Bowl Subdivision colleges and calculated athletes out-of-pocket education-related expenses (over and above their full scholarships), and compared the room-and-board portion of players scholarships to the federal poverty line as well as to coaches and athletic administrators salaries. It then used NFL and NBA collecting bargaining agreements to estimate the fair market value of FBS football and basketball players† (Nance-Nash). The result of the study shows that the scholarships given still leave 85% of athletes living on campus and 86% living off campus living under the poverty line. It also shows that colleges are making multi millions off their athletic programs but their athletes are barley getting thru. College player are allowed to use food stamps and receive welfare. Having taxpayers pay for the athletes well being which if the NCAA wasn’t acting like a rich greedy business man and changed some of its rules the players could benefit from their athletic ability. In Zimbalist’s book he talks about a Duke Basketball player Kenny Blankeney who was on a full scholarship and could barley pay his bills. The full scholarship covered all school expenses and gave him $725 to pay for rent, food and other bills because he live off campus. But that was hardly enough he came from a poor family and he couldn’t work because of the strict basketball schedule he was on. While playing at Duke they won two national championships and averaged almost a million dollars of income each year (17-18). While Blankeney and his teammates were barely making ends meet the college was profiting off their work. Blankeney says in the book â€Å"End of the month, we all talk about it. We’re hanging together – broke. A scholarship just isn’t enough† (18). The rules and regulation can cause many problems for athletes but some say the rules and regulations are good for the players. There are people that argue that changing the rules is not necessary. Most Division 1 athletes receive scholarships, which allow them to go to school for free. This is a fair exchange for the athletic services provided. Jason Whitlock a columnist for the Kansas City Star and host for radio talk shows says in an article he wrote for espn. com there are people in the U. S. and all around the world that would love to go to the big time universities and some of the athletes take this for granted (Whitlock). He also says, â€Å"They need to be slapped back into reality. We need to stress to them that the educational opportunity they’ve been afforded is more valuable than the â€Å"pocket money† an outside source can provide† (Whitlock). The athletes need to realize what they have in front of them a free exceptional education and a spot in the lime light. Playing in front of thousands of fans, being on national TV, people you don’t even know wearing your jersey, and the best exposure to the professional sports. These positives should be enough for a college student. Another argument against changing the rules is most college students have to work as much as they can during the school year not only to pay for school but other bills. These students usually end up with huge amounts of debt when they graduate and for athletes they have none. In an article Paul Daugherty wrote for sports illustrated he writes about how college athletes should be thankful for the opportunity to play. College athletes are some of the best athletes around the world and knowing they will get noticed they have no need to get a resume together like the students around them their resume is their ability on the court. With this resume they are often treated like kings staying in first class hotels, charted jets, and playing in championship games receiving items from the games sponsor. For the academic part players are assigned tutors, have study tables and have other benefits a regular student would not receive. Athletes have very good built in connections in the workforce. Once an athlete graduates most will be set up with a job. Unlike a regular student where the job hunts is one the hardest parts (Daugherty). Some people call college athletes slaves but they are hardly that they choose to play and on most college campuses a highly privileged class. He also said â€Å"Bob Knight once said the best argument against paying players is that it diminishes the value of an education. Thats as true now as it has ever been. For every athlete demanding a paycheck, there are 10 deserving non-athletes who cant afford to walk in the door. To whom a college degree would mean more than a direct deposit every couple of weeks† (Daugherty). This saying for some people education is more important than getting paid; playing in college is a privilege and if they want to abuse that privilege there is other athletes who won’t. The rules and regulations don’t make students leave early or not attend at all. College is not for everyone and some athletes just can’t handle the school work. When athletes leave it is their choice and leave because they believe it’s the right choice to better their career. The argument of NCAA changing its ways and rules has been debated ever since the NCAA came about. Koby Clemens choice to turn pro and not go to college was his choice. The fact that college athletes can’t earn money from their sport may be a deterrent to players that choose to not go to college but there are often many other reason. There have been many athletes who have skipped college and succeeded and many who have not. There are also many athletes who graduated and had a successful career and many who have not too. There should be some changes in the rules that allow athletes to at least make profit off themselves thru endorsements, making appearances, signing autographs, and other money making deals where they earn money from other sources then their college. With a change like this I believe the better athletes in all sports would choose the college route and stay all four years and graduate. Where they can still earn money while getting a degree. This could produce better games and maybe a higher earning potential for the NCAA. But for now the college level will still be an amateur sport and still producing the best athletes in the world.